J.M.W.Turner:
Barnard Castle, County Durham, 1825, watercolour, pen & ink, Yale Center for
British Art
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"A group of French painters, united in the same aesthetic aims...applying themselves with passion to
the rendering of form in movement as well as the fugitive phenomena of light, cannot forget that they have been preceded in
this path by a great master of the English, the illustrious Turner."(from a letter signed by Monet, Pissarro,
Degas, Renoir, and others)
Bernard castle, engraver Rob Wallis, 1827, Durham
The town of Bernard or Bannered Castle, situated on the southern acclivity of an eminence rising with a Steep ascent from the
river Tees, derived its name, and probably its origin, From Castle erected on the summit of a rock on the west-side, by Bernard,
Son of Guy Baliol, who came into England with the Conqueror, and on whom William Rufus bestowed the forests of Teesdale and
Marwood, and the valuable Lordships of Middleton and Gainsford. From the founder it regularly descended to His great grandson
John Baliol, who was the successful claimant of the crown of Scotland in the reign of Edward I. in his time the privileges of
this liberty and it's independence of the Palatinate were pretty distinctly ascertained. On the defection of Baliol, his estates
were Claimed by Bishop Beck, as appertaining to his palatinate; but King Edward, desiring to abridge the over grown' power of a
Subject, Seized the palatinate, and when it was restored to the see, it was deprived of several of the privileges it had gained,
and Edward gave the castle to Guy Beaut`hamp, Earl of Warwick in whose family it continued for 5 descents. It afterwards came to
the crown, and was a favourite seat of Richard 1II. whose cognizance, the boar, appears both in the walls of the castle and
several parts of the town.
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